Worthwhile reading. https://www.bbb.org/puppyscamstudy/ Central to this is domain abuse, mostly using proxy registrations or fake registration details. In a nutshell, it's domain abuse out of control that has destroyed much on the legitimate online pet industry, where the long-standing perpetrators use bullet-proof hosting to ensure they can defraud consumers. A red flag, as mentioned in this report:

the two are alleged to have also offered to sell illegal identification documents such as passports, and also medications, prescription drugs, automobiles and chemicals.

Not mentioned is extortion and credit card theft. This is all part of a fast growing problem that spans consumer to business level threats, separate from traditional 419 fraud, even resulting in a DEA alert at: https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/pressreleases/extortion_scam.htm Regards, Derek Smythe Artists Against 419 http://www.aa419.org