"1) summarizes and compares, from a user experience and registry management perspective, variant practices in several ccTLD registries; 2) proposes a set of guiding principles to define an acceptable user experience; and 3) identifies how various users communities (e.g., end users, system/network administrators, application developers, registrants, registrars and registries) will be impacted by active variant top-level domains, and based on 1, 2, and 3, proposes a set of recommendations to ensure the security, stability and acceptable user experience for active variant top-level internationalized domains."