The third link „Busting Domain Name Secondary Market Myths” by my very good, personal friend Zak is a good example: it entirely pertains to LEGACY TLDs such as .com and .de: these have “quasi-monopolies”. In Germany for example you are literally forced (by the market and user behavior) to have a .de domain. Even one of the most “American” brands on the planet (one of the few U.S. made cars that manages to get sold in Germany) saw itself forced to use jeep.de – instead of jeep.com/de or something. In Germany you MUST use “.de” – or you look entirely stupid. That amounts to a “monopoly”.
Regarding any proposed “tokenization”: The legacy TLD namespaces are all established – nothing will change there. We are obviously talking here about future, new gTLD namespaces. And there you can throw all the legacy TLD rules into the trash bin – because when starting out, a new gTLD namespace has a gTLD brand awareness of literally “zero”: neither prospective registrants (not domainers, real registrants that use the domain for real websites that provide actual benefit to the user: not “parked sites”) nor the Internet user know about the gTLD. And mass grabbing of its new namespace is a severe problem that “kills” that gTLD brand.
“Domainers” are very proud about their business. We could start to argue about their value contribution in legacy spaces. In some cases, their activities might be inevitable. In many cases not. Example: someone reads in the news that a University started a non-profit project named “something cool” (placeholder). Then a domainer quickly registers “somethingcool.com” – hoping that the project will become a for profit spinout. Now a few months later the spinout is being formed – and ransom has to be paid for that domain. There is hardly ANY “contribution” by the “domain investor” here. It’s just plain old highway robbery. Do you support such activity?