This is related to my comments on registries/registrars lowering their proposed standards for registering in their gTLD. The case study of .LOAN in the report is a good example. Similar to lowering high-minded standards for registration, typically to service some community or ideal (e.g., security) so as to increase registration income you get the next step down which is criminality; selling large blocks of disposable domains to spammers, for example. What happens next in that scenario is the money in that criminality grows and what used to be an annoying cat and mouse game trying to block such criminal activity becomes a threat from professional criminals. For example I've blocked large-scale, persistent spammers here only to be hit shortly thereafter, within an hour, with a DDoS attack. I can't prove it's the spammers but when it happens over and over it's hard to dismiss to coincidence. I anticipate the next step will be one wakes up to a dead horse's head in one's bed or similar*. That's the problem, by indulging one's desire to act like the criminality isn't there the criminals become wealthier and better organized and more difficult to extricate. A lot of this is similar to the money laundering problem and banks which led to KYC rules, FINCEN, etc. * If it's possible someone doesn't get the reference it's a reference to the film "The Godfather" where a bigshot hollywood film producer refuses an offer from the crime godfather which cannot be refused and wakes up with the bloody head of his prized race horse in his bed. -- -Barry Shein Software Tool & Die | bzs@TheWorld.com | http://www.TheWorld.com Purveyors to the Trade | Voice: +1 617-STD-WRLD | 800-THE-WRLD The World: Since 1989 | A Public Information Utility | *oo*