Hi Tijani, When nuance is possible, I have faith in our people to understand and work with that. Ideally we want both domain owners and domain users to be free from abuse. However, when there are decisions that will favour either the protection of registrants OR the protection of end users, our scale is balanced 98 to 2. Such hard choices - such as the very definitions of "harm" or "abuse"- will not be avoidable and we cannot shirk from that. Cheers, Evan PS: I am not sure that AFNIC/.fr is a good example, since well-run ccTLDs with residency requirements are typically not sources of significant end-user abuse. Were ICANN run like AFNIC or CIRA it's likely that gTLDs might not be such sources of abuse and this debate would be unnecessary.