Yes indeed. Whatever directionality the text is affects the display ordering and not the memory ordering. So memory order will always be (or should be according to current best practice) mailbox@domainname.tld<mailto:mailbox@domainname.tld> and so one processes/validates as usual without regard for the display order. That is the current best practice. When presenting to the user than one uses display order. Which reminds me of a blog article I wrote some time ago because with appropriate html/css one can determine how it is displayed😀 http://schappo.blogspot.co.uk/2016/10/computer-science-internationalization.... Oh ...and... http://schappo.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/arabic-email-addresses.html André Schappo On 14 Sep 2017, at 18:41, Asmus Freytag <asmusf@ix.netcom.com<mailto:asmusf@ix.netcom.com>> wrote: On 9/14/2017 10:27 AM, Rubens Kuhl wrote: The BiDi issue suggests to me that even enforcing the non-dotless rule is too much for a simple regex, as shabaka.example@don is a valid Arabic EAI , while the same ASCII combination is not valid even if a .don TLD gets delegated. [non-empty]@[non-empty] looks better to me. Isn't the bidi limited to the display side, that is, in back storage there should not be alternative ordering of host and local parts? A./ Rubens Em 14 de set de 2017, à (s) 13:58:000, Don Hollander <don.hollander@icann.org<mailto:don.hollander@icann.org>> escreveu: Thanks Jim. The BiDi issue, with raw data input, is which side has the domain side. usually you’ll encounter mailbox@domainname.tld<mailto:mailbox@domainname.tld> But in Arabic or Hebrew you’ll encounter tld.domainname@mailbox Don On 15/09/2017, at 3:44 AM, Jim Hague <jim@sinodun.com<mailto:jim@sinodun.com>> wrote: On 12/09/2017 19:44, Don Hollander wrote: One RegEx has stood out as being simple and correct. I’d like the UASG to consider recommending this in our documentation. Toward that end, this thread is for discussion. /^.+@(?:[^.]+\.)+(?:[^.]{2,})$ Regular expression check in Javascript. This accepts any Unicode characters, only insisting that the domain must have more than one label and the TLD is 2 characters or longer. Note that this in the context of an in-browser check. I only examined a small random subset of the sites surveyed in the main evaluation, and obviously without access to server code could only examine client-side operations. In all the sites I examined, the only check performed was against one (or in one case two) regular expression(s). No decomposition of the email address was attempted, and certainly no translation of the domain to Punycode. It was in that context that I highlighted the above regex, on the basis that it's probably the only sensible option to suggest to organisations as a low-impact UA improvement (I won't say fix) at the moment. If a future evaluation exercise verifies that an existing Javascript module does the right thing, that would be a better alternative, but that would involve more substantial modifications to site code. I agree that modifying it to allow 1 character TLDs would be sensible. I also agree with the page referenced at the start of the thread (which I read before working on the report) that just checking for '@' is about all one should attempt, certainly client-side. Turning again to the above regex, of course, being a proposed regex for validating email addresses, it's got an obvious deficiency. It needs to add support for other label separators (e.g. open dot). Mark Svancarek raised the excellent point of bidi in the domain. Personally I'm not confident I understand the bidi rules. But if the regex requires at least one label separator character in the domain and non-empty labels, will that work, given that if the regex allows 1 character TLDs then a valid TLD is simply a non-empty label? -- Jim Hague - jim@sinodun.com<mailto:jim@sinodun.com> Never trust a computer you can't lift. Don Hollander Universal Acceptance Steering Group Skype: don_hollander